I believe California declared independence from Mexico on June 14, 1846 and was annexed by the USA on July 9, 1846. Between those two dates it was the California Republic, also known as the Bear Flag Republic.
If I remember my fourth-grade California history lessons, that's correct. (Yes, back in the Neolithic when schools received actual funding, we studied California history.)
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And Hawaii was a nation on its own, both as a monarchy and after the Committee of Safety staged its coup as a republic
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